Raising The Bar Guidance - Wheeled Loading Shovel Equipment Requirements

Raising The Bar Guidance - Wheeled Loading Shovel Equipment Requirements

The Wheeled Loading Shovel is a versatile machine used for loading and moving materials such as soil, gravel, and aggregate on construction and highway sites. With its powerful lifting arms and bucket, this equipment is essential for efficiently transporting materials over short distances. However, due to its large size, weight, and lifting power, the wheeled loading shovel presents specific operational risks, including visibility challenges, stability issues, and the risk of load spillage. National Highways’ "Raising the Bar 1" guidelines outline critical safety and operational standards to ensure the safe and compliant use of wheeled loading shovels on all projects.

General Minimum Requirements

The General Minimum Requirements (GMR) provide foundational safety and operational standards for all types of equipment, including wheeled loading shovels:

1. Daily Inspections: Wheeled loading shovels must undergo thorough pre-use inspections each day. Operators should complete a checklist to identify any potential issues, such as hydraulic leaks, tire wear, and the functionality of brakes, lights, and controls.

2. Compliance with Legislation: All wheeled loading shovels must meet UK regulatory standards, including UKCA certification and compliance with the European Commission Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC), with a declaration of conformity.

3. Safety Decals and High-Visibility Markings: Safety decals should be legible and visible on the machine, especially near control panels, access points, and hazard areas. High-visibility markings should also be applied to handrails and steps.

4. Seat Belts: Seat belts are mandatory and must be worn by the operator at all times to enhance safety, especially during material transport and lifting operations.

5. Public Highway Compliance: When used on or near public highways, wheeled loading shovels must be fitted with flashing amber beacons, proper signage, and functional lights in line with Chapter 8 of the Traffic Signs Manual.

Equipment-Specific Safety and Compliance Standards

Due to their lifting arms, large bucket, and heavy loads, wheeled loading shovels require additional safety standards to ensure stable and safe operations:

1. Amber Beacon and Seat Belt Indicator: An amber beacon is required to increase visibility, and an external green light should indicate when the operator’s seat belt is engaged. This green light may be deactivated on public highways if required by lighting regulations.

2. 360° Visibility Standards: Wheeled loading shovels must meet 360° visibility standards through mirrors, cameras, or other visual aids, allowing operators a clear view around the machine, particularly when reversing or loading.

3. Reversing Alarm: A directional, white-noise reversing alarm should be installed to alert nearby personnel when the loading shovel is reversing. The alarm must be clearly audible outside the cab.

4. Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS): All wheeled loading shovels must be fitted with a Roll-Over Protective Structure to protect the operator in the event of a rollover. ROPS should be inspected regularly to ensure structural integrity.

5. Load Management and Stability Control: Wheeled loading shovels should have load management systems to prevent overloading, as well as stability controls to prevent tipping, especially when working on uneven ground or with raised loads.

6. Bucket Locking Mechanism: The bucket must be equipped with a locking mechanism to prevent accidental movement or spillage, particularly during transport or when moving heavy materials.

7. Emergency Stop Button: A clearly marked emergency stop button should be accessible to the operator, allowing for immediate shutdown in case of an emergency.

Loading, Transport, and Material Management Standards

Handling large and heavy materials requires specific safety standards to prevent accidents and ensure efficient operation:

1. Controlled Loading and Lifting: Operators should control the bucket and arms carefully, maintaining a stable, gradual lift to prevent sudden or excessive movements, particularly when lifting heavy or bulky materials.

2. Load Limit Compliance: The Safe Working Load (SWL) of the bucket must not be exceeded. Operators should adhere to the SWL to prevent tipping or equipment damage, especially when lifting at maximum height.

3. Avoiding Edge Work and Overhangs: Operating near edges, trenches, or unsupported surfaces can increase the risk of tipping. Operators should maintain a safe distance from edges and avoid extending the bucket fully when on sloped ground.

4. Safe Transport of Loads: When transporting materials, operators should keep the bucket low to the ground to maintain stability and avoid obstructing their line of sight.

5. Ground Condition Assessment: Operators should assess the ground condition before loading and moving, especially on slopes or loose surfaces, to prevent stability issues.

6. Clear Exclusion Zones: Exclusion zones should be established around the loading shovel, particularly in the bucket’s path, to keep personnel clear of the machine’s operating range and prevent accidental contact.

Operator Competency and Requirements

Competent operators are essential for the safe and effective operation of wheeled loading shovels. The following standards apply:

1. Licensing and Certification: Operators must hold the appropriate certification to operate a loading shovel and should complete specific training on the model they are using.

2. Loading Shovel-Specific Training: Operators should receive training on bucket control, load management, ground condition assessment, and safe handling techniques for different types of materials.

3. Understanding of Load Dynamics: Operators should understand the impact of load placement and height on stability, particularly when handling heavy or uneven loads.

4. Safe System of Work: Operators must be briefed on the site’s Safe System of Work (SSoW) and should sign onto the Plant, Vehicle, and People Management Plan (PVPMP) for each specific worksite.

5. Emergency Procedures: Operators must be trained in emergency stop procedures and other emergency response techniques, including safe shutdown methods for handling unexpected issues.

Desirable Features

Additional features are recommended to improve safety, efficiency, and environmental compliance for wheeled loading shovels:

1. Automatic Load Monitoring System: An automatic load monitoring system provides real-time feedback on load weight, helping operators avoid overloading and maintain stability.

2. Stage V Emission Compliance: For environmentally conscious projects, Stage V-compliant engines are recommended to reduce emissions, especially in urban or environmentally sensitive areas.

3. 360º Camera System: A 360º camera system enhances visibility, allowing operators to monitor the surroundings and avoid obstacles, particularly when reversing or operating in confined areas.

4. Anti-Vibration Seating: Anti-vibration seating reduces operator fatigue, improving comfort and focus, especially during long shifts.

5. Automatic Stability Control: Automatic stability control can help maintain traction and stability by adjusting the shovel’s speed and bucket position on uneven ground, preventing tipping.

6. Bucket-Level Indicator: A bucket-level indicator allows the operator to precisely align the bucket, making it easier to load materials accurately and reducing spillage.

Hazard Identification and Mitigation

Operating a wheeled loading shovel involves specific hazards, and hazard mitigation is essential for safe operation:

• Tipping and Stability Risks: The machine is at risk of tipping, particularly when lifting heavy loads or operating on slopes. ROPS, load management systems, and cautious bucket control help mitigate these risks.

• Visibility and Blind Spots: The size and structure of the loading shovel can create blind spots, particularly when reversing. A 360º camera system and exclusion zones help improve visibility and reduce the risk of accidental contact.

• Load-Related Hazards: Heavy and loose loads can spill from the bucket, posing risks to personnel. Operators should secure loads properly and keep personnel clear of the machine’s operating range.

• Noise and Vibration Exposure: Loading shovels generate significant noise and vibrations, impacting operator health over time. Operators should use hearing protection, and anti-vibration seating is recommended to reduce exposure.

• Roll-Over Hazard: If the loading shovel becomes unstable, it could roll over. Proper load management, ground condition assessments, and maintaining a low bucket position during transport help prevent rollovers.

• Hydraulic and Mechanical Hazards: Hydraulic systems can pose risks if not maintained properly. Regular inspections and pressure relief systems help reduce the risk of hydraulic failure.

Summary

The Wheeled Loading Shovel is an essential machine for material handling and loading on construction and highway sites. Due to its lifting power, heavy loads, and potential for instability, strict adherence to National Highways' "Raising the Bar 1" guidelines is essential. By following protocols for daily inspections, visibility standards, load management, and controlled bucket handling, operators and site managers can ensure safe and effective operation. Additional features, such as 360° cameras, anti-vibration seating, and automatic load monitoring, further enhance operational safety, efficiency, and environmental compliance.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the safety standards, operator requirements, and hazard management strategies for wheeled loading shovels, ensuring compliance with National Highways’ standards for safe and effective project execution.